欧洲文化入门学习课件.ppt

　　Term Plan Greek Culture Roman Culture Bible & Christianity Middle Ages Renaissance Greek Culture Ancient Greece time line Homer Greek Drama Greek Mythology Philosophy & Science Athenian Architecture and Arts 1100 BC?~ the 8th century BC “Greek Dark Ages" the 8th century BC ~ 323 BC The reign of Alexander the Great ended with his death in 323 BC. author of the Iliad《伊利亚特》 and the Odyssey 《奥德赛》, two epics of ancient Greece. Aeschylus: Prometheus Bound 《被缚的普罗米修斯》 Sophocles: Oedipus the King 《俄底浦斯王》(“the Oedipus complex” ) Euripides: Medea《美狄亚》 Pandora’s box: Achilles' heel: Penelope's web: Gordian knot: Philosophy & Science Socrates Plato Aristotle Pythagoras 毕达哥拉斯 Archimedes 阿基米德 Euclid 欧几里得 Socrates’ thinking Scant regard for material wealth Plato vs. Aristotle A. emphasized direct observation of nature and theory should follow fact. P. relied on subjective thinking, idealism. Pythagoras 毕达哥拉斯 principle of the lever “Give me a place to stand, I can move the world.” Parthenon: An enduring symbol of Greek culture 帕特农神庙 Discus thrower《掷铁饼者》 Roman Republic共和时期 Octavian Caesar was proclaimed Emperor by the Roman Senate in 27 BC. Leadership of Augustus marked the beginning of the Roman Empire At the end, the empire was permanently divided into east (the Byzantine Empire) and West. Augustus set into motion a process of political and social stability, resulting in a long period of peace lasting two hundred years. (Pax Romana--- the Roman peace) Many aspects of the Roman culture were appropriated from the Ancient Greeks. Julius Caesar凯撒：recording what he did & saw in the various military campaigns; models of succinct Latin. I came, I saw, I conquered. Marcus Tullius Cicero (西塞罗）: oratory & fine writing style, described as Ciceronian, has had an influence on the development of European prose. Virgil维吉尔: Aeneid《埃涅伊德》 Ovid 奥维德: Metamorphoses《变形记》 Colosseum 罗马圆形大斗兽场 The Pantheon 万神殿 Romans put their system smoothly and quickly into effect wherev